EAST CENTRAL EUROPE IN A CENTURY OF CHALLENGES. STUDIES IN HISTORY AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

Descriere

Prezentul volum reuneşte o serie de studii semnate de specialişti, cercetători şi cadre universitare, din mai multe ţări ale regiunii central şi est-europene, precum Lituania, Letonia, Estonia, Polonia, Serbia, Turcia şi România, dedicate istoriei politice şi relaţiilor internaţionale ale ţărilor din acest spaţiu istoric, de-a lungul secolului al XX-lea. Cartea reprezintă materializarea unor colaborări ştiinţifice mai vechi dintre Universitatea Valahia din Târgovişte (Centrul de Cercetare a Istoriei Relaţiilor Internaţionale şi Studii Culturale „Grigore Gafencu”) şi instituţii de prestigiu din aceste ţări, precum: Universitatea din Helsinki, Universitatea din Riga, Middle East Technical University din Ankara şi altele. Pe parcursul ultimilor zece ani, autorii care semnează aceste studii au avut ocazia de a interacţiona, de a schimba impresii, idei, experienţă ştiinţifică, fie prin intermediul unor conferinţe, fie în grupaţi în jurul revistei Valahian Journal of Historical Studies (CNCSIS, cat. B), publicată de Centrul „Grigore Gafencu” şi la care autorii menţionaţi au avut ocazia să contribuie de-a lungul anilor.

Din acest punct de vedere, volumul de faţă reprezintă bilanţul unei cooperări academice fructuoase, dar şi un punct de plecare pentru viitoare cercetări. Editorii volumului sunt hotărâţi să continue demersurile în cercetarea istoriei politice a Europei central-răsăritene şi mai ales colaborarea internaţională în această direcţie, având în vedere faptul că instituţia de provenienţă, Universitatea Valahia din Târgovişte, a obţinut în această vară acreditarea şi demararea unui program masteral cu tema „East Central Europe Region Studies”, în parteneriat cu mai multe universităţi din Finlanda, Letonia, Turcia ş.a. Aceasta reprezintă o confirmare implicită a viabilităţii pe termen lung a acestui demers.

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Contents

Introduction,Silviu Miloiu. 7

Out of sight, not always out of might. Bilateral relations between distant small countries; methodological observations,Vesa VARES. 11

Poland, Finland and Romania. Cooperation and Parallelisms up to 1920’s, Kalervo HOVI25

Windows to Horthy’s Hungary. Hungary’s Political Image in Finnish Literature of the Interwar Period,Marco Pribilla 35

“An Excellent Friend Afflicted with Internal Difficulties”: The Image of Romania Conveyed by the Finnish Embassy in Bucharest, 1939-1945,Kari ALENIUS. 51

Two Victims for one Goal. Romania and Finland in British Policy in Autumn, 1939,Bogdan - Alexandru SCHIPOR 63

Constructing Easternness and settling new frontiers in Europe: again about the Ribbentrop-Molotov Pact, Silviu MILOIU.. 75

The Coming Storm: the Great Powers and the Clash over the Balkans and the Black Sea (1944-1946),Mioara ANTON 91

About the Idea of “Transylvanianism”,Ion CALAFETEANU.. 107

National Controversies beneath Stalinist Uniformity. The Issue of Transylvania in the Romanian-Hungarian Communist Debates,Cezar STANCIU.. 115

History-War of Comrades: The Hungarian-Romanian Polemics in the 1960-80s,Katalin MIKLóSSY 127

Ideological basis of Polish citizens resettlement from the Eastern Borderlands in the years 1944-1946,Bartłomiej MIĘDZYBRODZKI145

Between East and West: Poland, 1980-1981,Alexandra TIEANU.. 161

Assessing the energy security in the Balkan region: existing challenges,Mehmet Efe BIRESSELIOGLU 185

The Turkish perception on the Black Sea Region: A Historical Analysis,Cigdem USTUN 205

“Hell Is Other People“: Kinships among the Yugoslav Nations,Irena RISTIĆ.. 221

Explaining Communist Nostalgia in Romania: Some Empirical Evidence,Elena DRAGOMIR 225

Totalitarian vestiges in post-communist Bulgaria’s political discourse,Rossen VASSILIEV 247

Tradition and History as Building Blocks for Tourism. The Middle Ages as a Modern Tourism Attraction,Tuomas HOVI265

List of contributors / 275

Several themes are privileged in this volume. Such are, for instance, the relations between the small and mid-sized countries located in East-Central Europe, especially between those states which were not immediate neighbors. One of the most insightful investigations of this theme approaches from a methodological point of view the relations between distant small countries. The author, Vesa Vares, underlines the difficulty of studying this subject in circumstances in which no significant common interests, concerns or threats could be found to link the respective countries. In spite of this, Vares suggests that the research of this theme „does not necessarily differ qualitatively or methodically from the study of countries and cultures which are much closer to each other”. In contrast with other scholars which display suspitions with respect to the result of such researches, Vares finds them useful at least insofar as they offer the researcher the prospect of digging into a new research topic. It also provides clues to the question of how certain „narratives, which we already know, been seen on a smaller scale and in unusual arenas – and how have these smaller nations themselves influenced the larger narrative?” Kalervo Hovi looks not only at the relations between two distant countries, but he also describes the role of Poland as facilitator of the Finnish-Romanian relations. He approaches in the first part of the article the relations between the three countries and draws some historical parallels between the consequences of 19^th century’s developments on the three nations: the Napoleonic wars, the role Russia played when entered into the picture, the situation of Polish provinces, Bessarabia and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania within the Russian Empire etc. Eventually, K. Hovi moves to scrutinize the role of Józef Piłsudski and Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim in the new course of relations between Finland, Poland and Romania during the World War I and its aftermath and especially after the independence of the former countries and the unification of the latter were proclaimed between December 1917 and December 1918. However, as the author observes, “the foreign policy needs and possibilities of their respective countries differed too much”. Besides, Poland’s elder brother attitude towards the two states and its desire to regulate the development of Finnish-Romanian relations also impeded on the trilateral cooperation between these states. We can add to this the fact that Finland gradually drew closer to Scandinavia and Romania to East-Central Europe, and projects such as a water channel to connect the Baltic and Black seas were abandoned. This called off the partnership projects imagined at the beginning of the 1920s. Kari Alenius takes the analysis of the Finnish perception of foreign countries and Finland’s foreign policy decisions in respect to East-Central European nations a step forward in his study of the image of Romania conveyed to Helsinki by the Finnish Legation in Romania. Because of the Finnish relatively limited knowledge of Romania, the reports of the Finnish envoys during World War II played a pivotal role in influencing the way Finnish leading groups looked at yet another country squeezed between Nazi Germany and Soviet Union. The author discovers that „the image of Romania was created not only on the basis of domestic features and bilateral factors but also on the basis of larger cultural and political views and aims.” Marco Pribilla approaches the image of Hungary particularly in the Finnish interwar literature. He discovers that the kinship of the two countries, particularly as constructed during the 19^th century, played a crucial role in the way Hungary was seen among Finnish elites. Furthermore, the territorial losses which Hungary experienced after World War I have inspired many Finnish authors writing about Hungary and expressing their sympathy to the kindred nation and hope that the wrongdoings against Hungary will eventually be healed.